Jumat, 31 Juli 2009

AUTOMOTIVE professional manufacture Universal Mufflers replacement of OE muffler

Universal Muffler

HY-458

HY AUTOMOTIVE professional manufacture Universal Mufflers replacement of OE muffler:
3 Tube/2 Baffle | Double Wrapped | Aluminized | Welded Nipples

4" x 9" Full Oval Size 4 1/2" x 9 3/4" Full Size Oval 7" x 9" Full Size Oval 6" Round , 4" x 9" Turbo


 Universal Muffler


Country/Region: China
Province/State City : ZheJiang JinHua
Company Address : Hitech Industry Area,Yongkang
ZIP/Postal code : 321300
Company Phone : 86-579-87296781
Company Fax : 86-579-87011001
Contact Person : Nicole (Ms.)
Job Position : Marketring Manager
Mobile Phone : 86-579-87296781

Kamis, 30 Juli 2009

AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING Stainless Steel Mufflers

 Stainless Steel Muffler Tips

Stainless Steel Muffler Tips 
HY AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING Stainless Steel Mufflers & Tips

HY-T001

Hi-Polished stainless steel mufflers
Hi-Polished stainless steel tips
Hi-Polished stainless steel Diesel tips
Hi-Polished Truck tips
Hi-Polished BLACK STAINLESS tips

Country/Region: China
Province/State City : ZheJiang JinHua
Company Address : Hitech Industry Area,Yongkang
ZIP/Postal code : 321300
Company Phone : 86-579-87296781
Company Fax : 86-579-87011001
Contact Person : Nicole (Ms.)
Job Position : Marketring Manager
Mobile Phone : 86-579-87296781

Surface Treatment:mirror polish muffler 122-1

Material:SS201
Inlet:63.5*1.2*75mm
Tip1:76*1.2*150mm*2pcs
Tip2:89*1.2*98mm*2pcs
Body:355*250*1.2mm*2pcs
Surface Treatment:mirror polish


 muffler  muffler
Contact Information

muffler auto muffler exhausts universal muffler

auto muffler
  • Quantity: 5000piece
  • Packaging:4piece/carton
  • Location: China ZheJiang NingBo
  • Categories: Exhaust System
  • Tags: muffler auto muffler exhausts universal muffler





Country/Region:
China
Province/State City : ZheJiang NingBo
Company Address : Fangqiao industrial park ,hengfeng road
ZIP/Postal code : 315514
Company Phone : 8657488657000
Contact Person : Joys (Ms.)
Job Position : sales
Mobile Phone : 8613777140730

Polished Stainless Steel surface Universal muffler

Polished Stainless Steel surface
Increased flow and power
Universal muffler
Customized design are welcome


 Muffler
Contact Information
Company Name : Mentor Parts International Co.,LTD
Country/Region: Ningbo China
Company Address : No.2069,Canghai Road,Jiangdong
ZIP/Postal code : 315000
Company Phone : 86-574-87832069
Company Fax : 86-574-87832056
Contact Person : Mr Zhong

Automobile exhaust pipe damping control

Country/Region: Wuxi Jiangsu ,China
Company Address : A2 Hezeli Industry Park Ehu Town Wuxi Jiangsu ,China
ZIP/Postal code : 214116
Company Phone : 0510-80258600
Company Fax : 0510-80258602
Contact Person : sunny
Chat online: MSN Send Mail
Company Website : http://sunny-gao.tradeprince.com http://www.wxhldjs.com



Models: HLD(Automobile exhaust pipe damping control)
Characteristics:1、Suitable for a wide range of the tail pipe link
2、Can make parts with a high degree of flexibility
3、In particular, we increased the height of the bellows to enhance the effectiveness of vibration absorption
4、We used the material to prolong the product life 1Cr18Ni9Ti
Specifications:HLD:Pipe band ends, the outer stainless steel nets
Caliber 28mm,32mm,38mm,42mm,45mm,51mm,
54mm,57mm,63mm,76mm,89mm,102mm
Length 6",8",10",12",14"
HLD:Ends with pipe containing external nets
Caliber 28mm,32mm,38mm,42mm,45mm,51mm,54mm,
57mm,63mm,76mm,89mm,102mm
Length 6",8",10",12",14"
Uses:Connected to the car exhaust pipe


 muffler
Contact Information

Automobile exhaust pipe damping control

Country/Region: Wuxi Jiangsu ,China
Company Address : A2 Hezeli Industry Park Ehu Town Wuxi Jiangsu ,China
ZIP/Postal code : 214116
Company Phone : 0510-80258600
Company Fax : 0510-80258602
Contact Person : sunny
Chat online: MSN Send Mail
Company Website : http://sunny-gao.tradeprince.com http://www.wxhldjs.com



Models: HLD(Automobile exhaust pipe damping control)
Characteristics:1、Suitable for a wide range of the tail pipe link
2、Can make parts with a high degree of flexibility
3、In particular, we increased the height of the bellows to enhance the effectiveness of vibration absorption
4、We used the material to prolong the product life 1Cr18Ni9Ti
Specifications:HLD:Pipe band ends, the outer stainless steel nets
Caliber 28mm,32mm,38mm,42mm,45mm,51mm,
54mm,57mm,63mm,76mm,89mm,102mm
Length 6",8",10",12",14"
HLD:Ends with pipe containing external nets
Caliber 28mm,32mm,38mm,42mm,45mm,51mm,54mm,
57mm,63mm,76mm,89mm,102mm
Length 6",8",10",12",14"
Uses:Connected to the car exhaust pipe


 muffler
Contact Information

double out muffler tips

double out muffler tips
  • Quantity: 000
  • Packaging:000
  • Location: China ShangHai XuHui
  • Categories: Auto Parts
  • Tags: auto parts auto exhaust systems muffler tisp
  • Expire Date: 2009-12-23

Jumat, 17 Juli 2009

Membersihkan Knalpot Mobil Dengan Bedak Pipi

Anda mau ujung knalpot mobil anda mengkilat dan kinclong model krom, tak harus mengandalkan bahan cairan seperti wax atau sejenisnya. Ada yang lebih murah seperti dilakoni anggota klub Batalyon 13, yakni menggunakan bedak pemulus pipi.

Metode ini tidak berlaku untuk tail pipe yang sudah berkarat atau luka tergores. Kondisinya tergolong ringan alias kusam saja. Bagaimana car membersihkannya, ikuti langkah-langkah di bawah ini.

1. Siapkan bedak dan lap karet (plas camois) kering

2. Mulailah menabur bedak pada wadah kertas, lalu tempelkan pada ujung knalpot yang akan dibersihkan. Ingat! Bagian knalpot yang akan dibersihkan dalam kondisi dingin

3. Gosok bedak tadi berulang kali dibantu lap karet sampai kotoran tergerus

4. Cermati hasilnya dengan sebelum digosok pakai bedak. Bedakan dan murah lagi

Car Exhaust - Air Pollutants 2009

In cities across the globe, the personal automobile is the single greatest polluter, as emissions from a billion vehicles on the road add up to a planet-wide problem. Driving a private car is a typical citizen's most air polluting activity. The negative effects of automotive emissions are maximum when you sit in traffic surrounded by cars, their engines idling. Everyone in a traffic jam is getting poisoned.

The Combustion Process Gasoline and diesel fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons (made of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon atoms.) Hydrocarbons are burned by combining with oxygen. Nitrogen and sulphur atoms are also present and combine with oxygen when burned to produce gases. Automotive engines emit several types of pollutants.

Typical Engine Combustion:

Fuel + Air => Hydrocarbons + Nitrogen Oxides + Carbon Dioxide + Carbon Monoxide + water

Hydrocarbon emissions are fragments of fuel molecules, only partially burned. See Toxicity of Benzene and other Hydrocarbons in exhaust.

Hydrocarbons react in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight to form ground-level ozone, a major component of smog. Ozone irritates the eyes, damages the lungs, and aggravates respiratory problems. A number of exhaust hydrocarbons are also toxic, some with the potential to cause cancer.

NITROGEN OXIDES Under high pressure and temperature conditions in an engine, nitrogen and oxygen atoms react to form nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides, like hydrocarbons, are precursors to the formation of ozone and contribute to acid rain. Catalytic converters in car exhaust systems break down heavier nitrogen gases, forming nitrous oxide (NO2) - 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. Nitrous oxide makes up about 7.2 percent of the gases that cause global warming. Vehicles with catalytic converters produced nearly half of that nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide also comes from nitrogen-based fertilizers and manure from farm animals.

CARBON MONOXIDE Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. A product of incomplete burning of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Carbon monoxide consists of a single carbon atom and a single oxygen atom linked together (CO), the product Carbon monoxide of incomplete combustion of fuel. Most CO is produced when air-to-fuel ratios are too low in the engine during vehicle starting, when cars are not tuned properly, and at higher altitudes, where thin air reduces the amount of oxygen available for combustion. Two-thirds of the carbon monoxide emissions come from transportation sources, with the largest contribution coming from cars. In urban areas, the passenger vehicle contribution to carbon monoxide pollution can exceed 90 percent. Read more about Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) originally viewed carbon dioxide as a product of "perfect" combustion, but now views CO2 as a pollution concern. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps the earth's heat and contributes to Global Warming.

Evaporative Emissions Hydrocarbon pollutants also escape into the air through fuel evaporation - evaporation causes significant hydrocarbon pollution from cars on hot days when ozone levels are highest. Evaporative emissions occur several ways:

Diurnal: Gasoline evaporation increases as the temperature rises during the day, heating the fuel tank and venting gasoline vapors.

Running Loses: The hot engine and exhaust system can vaporize gasoline when the car is running.

Sitting Evaporation: The engine remains hot for a period of time after the car is turned off, and gasoline evaporation continues when the car is parked.

Adding Fuel: Gasoline vapors are always present in fuel tanks. These vapors are forced out when the tank is filled with liquid fuel.

(See Cars and Pollution US EPA Fact Sheet OMS-5)

Benzene is the main toxin in the hydrocarbon fraction of exhaust. Benzene and other less known hydrocarbons are produced in petroleum refining, and are widely used as solvents and as materials in the production of various industrial products and pesticides. Benzene also is found in gasoline and in cigarette smoke. Other environmental sources of benzene include gasoline (filling) stations, underground storage tanks that leak, wastewater from industries that use benzene, chemical spills, and groundwater next to landfills containing benzene. Exposure to benzene is related to the development of leukemia and lymphoma. Benzene has a suppressive effect on bone marrow and it impairs blood cell maturation and amplification.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)

PAHs are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil and gas, garbage, or other organic substances. PAHs can be man-made or occur naturally. A few of the PAHs are used in medicines and to make dyes, plastics, and pesticides. They are found throughout the environment in the air, water and soil. There are more than 100 different PAH compounds. Although the health effects of the individual PAHs vary, the following 15 PAHs are considered as a group with similar toxicity: acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzanthracene, benzopyrene, benzofluoranthene, benzoperylene, benzofluoranthene, chrysene dibenzanthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indenopyrene, phenanthrene, pyrene.

Long term solutions require reduced combustion of all kinds. While vehicles with new energy sources such ethanol, biofuels, propane and natural gas can contribute to reduced air pollution, their benefit is limited if vehicle use continues at current intensities. If you pay more money to buy a hybrid car, but drive it more, you have contributed little to solving air pollution problems. If you buy a gas guzzling clunker and only drive it 20 km a week, you have contributed more to the solution.

The problem with all alternative fuels is that the manufacture of fuels requires energy, distribution, and a manufacturing infrastructure that consume energy, often derived from burning fossil fuels. No alternative fuel is ideal. While ethanol has been championed as an alternative to petroleum fuels, it mainly helps to reduce dependency on oil producing countries. When ethanol is made from corn, more than 75% of its energy value must be spent on its production. Burning ethanol still produces carbon dioxide. Climate change with extreme weather events threatens corn production in the US. The new competition between hastily constructed ethanol plants and food production became an international issue in 2008. Other approaches to new fuels made from non-food plant sources are part of the solution. See Switch to Biofuels

Hydrogen Ultimately cars might burn hydrogen in fuel cells, but despite working prototypes, a hydrogen economy is a distant fantasy. The biggest problem is that producing hydrogen requires a large amount of energy. In Canada, there are opportunities to dam rivers and produce electricity with falling water, a non polluting, renewable energy resource. A more problematic energy source would be be nuclear reactors that "burn" uranium or plutonium.

Even if new non-polluting energy sources are developed, hydrogen storage and distribution requires a new, very expensive infrastructure that could replace gasoline and diesel fuels.

With rich countries such as the USA on the verge of bankruptcy and facing the extensive repairs of already aging, derelict infrastructures, adding a new, unprecedented development cost would seem unlikely. Unless, of course the priorities in the US shift dramatically.

Click the green buy now button to order printed books for mail delivery. Click the yellow download button to order and download PDF files from Persona Publications.

Kamis, 16 Juli 2009

Knalpot HKS Copy untuk jazz atau lain jenis mobil 2009

Knalpot HKS Copy untuk jazz atau lain jenis mobil
(Gambar)

menjual/menerima pesanan knalpot hks copy langsung pasang utk honda jazz dijamin ukuran pas dan suara halus. Juga knalpot HKS lainnya.
Pengelasan rapi persis dengan aslinya (sirip ikan) dengan menggunakan alat TIG pulse merek "CEBORA" made in Italy.
- knalpot tabung utk ukuran 4"-5.5" dengan tip biru hks.
Menerima pesanan dalam bentuk knalpot apapun dengan memberikan contoh atau gambaran dengan ukuran yang tepat.

Email : yundavidll@hotmail.com
Telp : (031)71100040
GSM: 085850266669

Negara Asal:Indonesia
Jumlah:1unit complete
Kemas & Pengiriman:1 box

Car exhaust chemicals

Chemicals in car exhaust

Car exhaust is a source of carbon dioxide and this component tends to get most of the coverage these days, but there's a whole bunch of nasty toxic chemicals in car exhaust that damage our environment. Let's take a look at a few.

Carbon Monoxide

Colorless, odorless, tasteless, yet highly toxic. Automobile and industrial emissions may also contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming; it's one of the other greenhouse gases we don't usually hear much about. It occurs naturally in our atmosphere at around 0.1 ppm, but car exhaust without a catalytic converter contains 7,000 parts per million.

Nitrogen dioxide

Toxic by inhalation and can cause adverse health effects at low levels over a long period. It can contribute to acid rain and eutrophication in coastal waters.

Sulfur dioxide

Can cause pulmonary and respiratory distress and acidification of waterways.

Particulate matter

This is basically soot - it's most apparent effect is reducing visibility. It impacts on breathing and respiratory systems, damages lung tissues and causes cancer. Hundreds of thousands, if not millions of people and animals die prematurely each year due to the health effects of inhaling particulate matter.

Benzene

A carcinogen in humans, benzene is also very toxic aquatic life and can cause death in plants. It is a "precursor" component for formation of photochemical smog.

Formaldehyde

Another known carcinogen for humans, with similar effects to many animals and birds. In an aquatic environment, formaldehyde has a half life of between a day and ten days.

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services states that some Polycyclic hydrocarbons may be carcinogens in humans and animals and can cause harmful effects on skin and the auto-immune system.

Some recent studies have also found car exhaust can create hydrocarbon-based free radicals which can linger indefinitely. These free radicals are believed to cause lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Even with the use of catalytic converters to help break down pollutants that cause smog, it may be creating conditions for the creation of these free radicals to form.

So when you reduce your car usage, take public transport or car pool, even just a bit of gentle exercise by walking to the store instead of driving, it's not just carbon dioxide you're keeping out of the atmosphere, but a lot of other environmentally damaging chemicals too. Even if you do need to drive your car regularly, by using simple gas saving strategies you can reduce your environmental impact and save a stack of cash at the same time.

Rabu, 15 Juli 2009

Cars, Air Pollution and Health

Driving a car is the most polluting act an average citizen commits. Air pollution is not a good idea for a variety of reasons, large and small. The right ideas for remediation of environmental degradations involve unselfish and compassionate behavior, a scarce commodity. The right ideas involve long-term planning, conservation and a deep commitment to preserving the natural world. Without a healthy natural environment, there will be few or no healthy humans.

The year 2008 will be remembered as the great collapse of capitalist economies. Among the corporations in trouble in the US and Canada were General Motors, Ford and Chrysler. All three car and truck manufacturers had pushed their larger vehicles on customers who responded to clever marketing that exploited their innate human tendency to seek domination over others. Bigger is better. In 2009, as GM undergoes bankruptcy restructuring, and Chrysler closes plants and dealerships all over the US and Canada, no-one really knows what will happen next - the only certainty is that the future will have to look very different from the past. The focus in on car manufacturers, but the people who buy and drive cars are really the only people in town who can create and new, better future for themselves and their children. The challenge to car companies is not to replace existing vehicles with more fuel efficient versions, but to participate in a new vision of car-free living environments and an end to the madness of traffic, superhighways and lethal accidents.

Friendly or Lethal?

Cars have two opposite personalities. One is friendly and attractive the other is destructive and can be lethal. The desire to own a car is linked to pleasure, sexuality, convenience and freedom. Men lust for big, prestigious cars they way they lust for women and women desire men with big, prestigious cars. Men are also interested in power, performance and want to know something about the engine, although modern engines are sufficiently complex to discourage even the professional mechanic. Some of the engine complexity involves emission control systems that require electronic monitoring and adjustment of engine performance under different operating conditions. Several devices are added to the engine to handle air flow in, fuel delivery and exhaust out. Computers have been added to monitor and control engine performance.

Extravagant Car Use

The decision to drive cars long distances to work was common among people in North America and Europe in the past 60 years. Cities grew larger. The development of suburbs often placed homes far from work places; massive road construction encouraged extravagant car use. In retrospect, it is clear that commuters made a mistake and they should stop commuting. Their mistake had health and economic consequences for them personally and for every other inhabitant of planet earth.

Emissions from passenger vehicles increased in Canada and the US despite attempts to make engines more fuel efficient and despite the addition of antipollution devices. The two main reasons were: 1. vehicle use increased 2. in the US and Canada, cars were getting bigger; pick-up trucks, vans and sports vehicles often replaced smaller, lighter passenger cars. An average new vehicle in 2003 consumed more fuel that its counterpart in 1988. In the USA in 1987 cars averaged 25.9 miles to the gallon. Fuel efficiency dropped to 24.6 miles/gallon by 1998 and is dropped further as larger vehicles replace smaller ones.

Despite scientific evidence of climate change, governments in most affluent countries have avoided their responsibility to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The USA is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases worldwide. US emissions have increased to 7 billion tones of CO2 in 2004, 16 % higher than emissions in the late 90's. The UK has done better reducing their emissions to about 0.6 billion tons, 14% below 1990 levels.

Car exhaust is toxic at ground level

Exhaust from all combustion engines combine to produce local adverse effects on the health of car users and all innocent bystanders. Cities have become islands of toxic chemicals from the unrestrained use of vehicles burning fossil fuels. Cars are noisy, ugly, often dangerous and dominate the experience of modern living. We are now used to the carnage on roads and highways- attempts to reduce death and disability from our motorized containers have not substantially altered the negative impact on society. The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.
See Exhaust Chemicals.

Advertising and Delusions

Television Ads for sports and recreation vehicles show solitary, impeccable machines in wilderness locations. One TV ad shows a couple making a mad dash to escape the city core in their expensive, luxury upholstered clone of the land-rover. The ads are selling a fantasy of wilderness, fresh air and escape. Is the consumer is completely deluded? These vehicles are mostly found in suburban driveways and in the traffic jams of polluted cities. They have nowhere to go to escape the environmental degradation they help to create. 4x4 drives and large tires are rarely useful in cities and are not suited to highway driving. You see these machines, submerged in suburban driveways by the floods they helped to create.

Pollution and Climate Change

Combustion engines contribute to greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere and are responsible for climate changes. A sane, sober revision of vehicle use is long overdue. While ethanol has been championed as an alternative to petroleum fuels, it mainly helps to reduce dependency on oil producing countries. When ethanol is made from corn, more than 75% of its energy value must be spent on its production. Burning ethanol still produces carbon dioxide. Climate change with extreme weather events threatens corn production in the US, where for decades corn surplus were common. The new competition between hastily constructed ethanol plants and food production suddenly in 2008 became an international issue.

Understanding Complex Ecosystems.

Our ability to monitor and understand the atmosphere has taken a quantum leap in recent years. We have gone beyond naïve linear models and now appreciate that if complex systems such as the atmosphere, the oceans, and land ecosystems change, they may become unstable and more unfriendly. Extra heat will cause more turbulence, and weather patterns will change in unpredictable ways. We have to understand that actions such as driving cars whenever and wherever we please can change the atmosphere and lead to more catastrophes. Smart humans notice adverse changes and take action to minimize adverse consequences. But not all human are smart or prudent.

What Can I do? Drive Less

Both local and global pollution would be reduced if each car-driving person pledged to use their car 30% less starting immediately. This is a responsible, individual contribution to a global problem. At least 30% of vehicle is is optional - either recreational or lazy driving when walking, cycling or public transit would be a better choice.

Cities can reduce vehicular traffic by more than 30% over the next 3 to 5 years by improving public transportation. Commuter trains are a model of urban access for suburban residents who drive their cars short distances, park in terminal lots and ride the train into town. Cities can create car free zones and develop park-like corridors that would allow movement through the city by walking, cycling and limited use of small, light electric vehicles in vehicle corridors specially designed to be safe and efficient.

The rising cost of crude oil in 2008 quickly altered driving habits and big auto companies closed plants that produced SUVs and pickup trucks. If you are interested in longer term human survival, then high cost oil is a real benefit. With or without high fuel prices, each person can drive less and resist the temptation to buy larger, heavier cars, vans, trucks and sports vehicles. If you really need a 4x4 to drive off-roads in wilderness settings, you need a rugged clunker that's already got scratches, dents and mud on the tires. Carry a shovel, axe, chain saw, and a come-along in the back. If you can afford it, add a heavy duty winch up front. Stay off city streets and highways. See Disease Effects, Car Exhaust

Solutions: Reduce Air Pollution by changing the design and use of motor vehicles

The use of cars must be re-defined. Car use has to be considered a privilege, not a right. The cost of environmental damage and reclamation has to be added to the cost of owning and operating a car. Vehicle use should no longer be subsidized.

Reduce number of Vehicles - Urban areas need to set vehicular quotas and issue permits to limit the number of vehicles to control regional traffic congestion and air pollution.

Small hybrid or 100% electric cars are desirable, but make their occupants specially vulnerable when they collide with much larger vehicles. A sane city would separate small, efficient passenger vehicles from buses and trucks.

Improve efficiency of vehicles - reverse the trend to larger vehicles; engineering solutions to emissions of combustion engines. Hybrid cars are a step in the right direction but in small numbers will not have a significant impact on air pollution.

Reduced vehicle use and traffic reform can be a bigger and more immediate remedy for urban air pollution. Improved efficiency of traffic is important. Examples are: dedicated bus lanes and priority for car-pools and vehicles with 3 or more passengers. Traffic can be scheduled to optimize road usage; e.g. commercial traffic at night; large companies can stagger working hours and decentralize administrative operations. Commuting long distances in cars to work needs to be phased out. Single passenger commuting to work should be strongly discouraged.

The most accessible measure of air pollution contribution is the amount of fossil fuel burned.

Recreational driving can be reduced immediately. Car owners need to pay for miles driven and fuel burned on an escalating scale. Each person can have a "free driving" allotment per year and pay increasing insurance and/or taxes on fuel consumption beyond this limit.

Governments can encourage the reduction of vehicular use by:

  • Promoting Voluntary abstention
  • Increase Public Transit - diversify options and limit access to existing roads.
  • Separate commercial and private traffic to increase efficient use of roads
  • Stop building car-oriented roads and highways
  • Replace 30% of the existing roads designed for cars with park-like corridors
  • In cities, build more walking paths, bicycle routes and roads for small electric vehicles
  • Reduce commuting - link residence and business activities by rezoning and rebuilding cities.
  • Reward car-pools and car-sharing plans
  • Redefine road use by defining access privileges - no longer a right
  • Road Tolls and increased gasoline and vehicle registration taxes
  • Base car license fees on fuel consumption in the previous year. Use exponential fee rate increase for high fuel consumption individuals.
  • Provide generous development grants and tax incentives for all non-polluting transportation alternatives.

Governments can use a combination of

  • Voluntary and Reward Schemes
  • Compulsory and Penalty Schemes
  • Incentives for New Technology and Changes in Industrial Fuel Consumption

Long term solutions require that vehicles use less polluting energy sources such biofuels, propane, natural gas and hydrogen. I am sorry to say that the marketing of "green solutions" to global warming is becoming yet another scam. One problem is that producing alternate fuels and hybrid cars often requires CO2 emissions that offset or cancel the benefits of improve vehicular design. When ethanol is made from corn, more than 75% of its energy value is spent on its production. Burning ethanol still produces carbon dioxide. Other "biofuels" are promising but require a major shift in infrastructure priorities. See Biofuels

Electric Cars are on the road, under development and promise to become vehicles of choice for urban transportation. The new cars represent advances in technology that link computers, electric motors and batteries into systems that drive well, self-regulate, and require little maintenance. The main components are modules that are removed to be refurbished in specialized factories and recycled. The main limitation is battery technology. Batteries are heavy, wear out quickly with repeated recharging and require expensive, rather scarce materials such as lithium.

Even if all the technical problems of building reliable electric cars were solved, there remains a daunting list of infrastructure problems yet to be solved. While electric cars produce little air pollution, generating electricity continues to be a major source of air pollution. If an electric car is recharged with electricity produced by a fossil fuel burning generator, there may be no net benefit to the atmosphere.

A real solution for car technology would reduce air pollution beginning at source materials and would continue through the use cycle of the vehicle. While is it feasible to use fossil fuels in generation plants with all the latest techniques of emission control and C02 recycling, these plants are uncommon in 2009. Before more people plug in electric vehicles, a new infrastructure of non-polluting, affordable electricity production will have to be built.

In the immediate future reduced car use is the best solution. A gas-inefficient clunker driven twice a week for 20 km is a better choice than a new expensive hybrid car driven everyday for 100 Km. No solution is better than reduced vehicle use.

Hydrogen The ultimate cars burn hydrogen in fuel cells, but despite working prototypes, a hydrogen fuel infrastructure is a distant fantasy. One problem is that producing hydrogen requires a large amount of energy. In Canada, there are opportunities to dam more rivers and produce electricity with falling water, a non polluting, renewable energy resource. A more problematic energy source for hydrogen production would be be nuclear reactors that "burn" uranium or plutonium, but new technologies for recycling spent fuel are required. A science fiction fantasy might include a novel way of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen with less energy consumed but no-one knows how to do this in 2009.

Truth is Beauty and Beauty is Truth.
That is all you need to know.

Click the green buy now button to order printed books for mail delivery. Click the yellow download button to order and download PDF files from Persona Publications.

Selasa, 14 Juli 2009

Magnaflow Exhaust System - Performance - Natural, Stainless Steel, Cat-back 2007-2009 Mazda 3


MAGNAFLOW CAT-BACK EXHAUST SYSTEM, STAINLESS STEEL, NATURAL FINISH -- Complies with most state and federal laws; Designed and tested to meet legal sound level limits; Increases horsepower on an average range of 10 percent; 2.25 in. main piping diameter; Single rear exit; Single inlet and outlet muffler configuration; Includes installation hardware, 4 in. x 4 in. x 14 in. resonator, 6 in. x 6 in. x 14 in. polished stainless steel muffler, and single 4 in. polished T-304 stainless steel tip with round shape, angle-cut, and non-rolled edge design; Made of 100 percent tough and durable stainless steel; Dyno tested and proven to provide performance gains in horsepower and torque; Delivers great sound with a smooth and deep tone; Built to last, all welded, and mandrel-bent; Easy installation; With Magnaflow's limited lifetime warranty. Finish: Natural Material: Stainless Steel Series: Performance Type: Cat-back

Exhaust Description






Upgrading your car, truck, or SUV's auto exhaust system is a great way to build horsepower, free up trapped torque, and improve upon anemic-sounding factory systems. The larger pipes, low-restriction mufflers, and tuned resonators of a well-designed performance exhaust system can make a world of difference on your vehicle. We have truck and auto exhaust systems from Flowmaster exhaust, Gibson exhaust, and a host of other highly-respected exhaust system manufacturers, with applications ranging from Honda Civic exhaust systems to LS1 Camaro exhaust systems. Those of you with newer vehicles are no doubt thinking, "what about emission control regulations?" The government doesn't take kindly to bypassing smog equipment, something the smart tuner keeps in the back of his or her mind whenever an upgrade is planned. Enter the cat-back exhaust system: For newer vehicles, Flowmaster exhaust, Gibson exhaust, and many of our other premium manufacturers make cat-back exhaust systems (short for catalyst-back exhaust systems) to fit your needs. These cat-back exhaust systems leave the emissions-control gear in place, but allow you to put large-diameter exhaust pipes and low-restriction performance mufflers into the system after the catalytic converter. The net result is lower auto exhaust backpressure, more horsepower, more torque, and a much hotter sound, all while staying perfectly legal.

MAGNAFLOW CAT-BACK EXHAUST SYSTEM, STAINLESS STEEL, NATURAL FINISH

MAGNAFLOW CAT-BACK EXHAUST SYSTEM, STAINLESS STEEL, NATURAL FINISH -- Increases horsepower on an average range of 10 percent; 2.25 in. main piping diameter; Single rear exit; Single inlet and outlet muffler configuration; Includes installation hardware, gaskets, resonator, front pipe, 6 in. x 6 in. 14 in. polished stainless steel muffler, and 4 in. single polished T-304 stainless steel tip; Made of 100 percent tough and durable stainless steel; Dyno tested and proven to provide performance gains in horsepower and torque; Delivers great sound with a smooth and deep tone; Built to last, all welded, and mandrel-bent; Complies with most state and federal laws; Designed and tested to meet legal sound level limits; Easy weld-on installation; With Magnaflow's limited lifetime warranty. Finish: Natural Material: Stainless Steel Series: Performance Type: Cat-back Exit: Rear

car exhaust can linger

The daily exposure to free radicals from car exhaust, smokestacks and even your neighbors’ barbecue could be as harmful as smoking, according to a new study. Many combustion processes, such as those in a car engine, create tiny particles that may act as brewing pots and carriers for free radicals — chemicals believed to cause lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

The findings are from Barry Dellinger of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, who reported them August 17 in Philadelphia during a meeting of the American Chemical Society. Whether the exposure equates to smoking one cigarette or as many as two packs a day remains difficult to determine, he added.

His team’s lab experiments — first described in the July 1 Environmental Science & Technology — suggest that noxious chemicals form on soot nanoparticles in the still-hot residue of combustion, for example inside a car’s exhaust pipe and catalytic converter.

The chemicals are hydrocarbon-based free radicals. Similar chemicals usually degrade quickly if they float solo. But in this case, the chemicals stay attached to the nanoparticles, and they linger in the air for much longer than previously thought. “To our enormous surprise, the free radicals survive hours, days, even indefinitely,” Dellinger says.

To mimic the conditions in car exhaust as it cools, Dellinger’s team used silica particles 100 nanometers wide and coated them with copper oxide. The team then exposed the particles to a hot gas — experimenting with a range of different temperatures — containing hydrocarbons typically produced in flames. All those ingredients are common in the exhaust of motor vehicles and factories.

The researchers then examined the nanoparticles with magnetic fields tuned to identify unpaired electrons, the feature that makes free radicals highly reactive and potentially dangerous for living cells. The data showed a signature typical of free radicals and similar to that of semiquinone, a free radical found in cigarette smoke.

The free radicals, however, only showed up when the initial ingredients had been mixed together at temperatures between 200 and 600 degrees Celsius. That means free radicals are unlikely to form during the actual combustion, which takes place at higher temperatures. Instead, they would likely form once the exhaust begins to cool down.

David Pershing, a chemical engineer at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, says the findings are potentially significant for human health.

Dellinger added that more research is needed to determine not only where someone would be exposed, but also how much the body would absorb.

The exact amount of risk the pollutants pose is hard to estimate, Dellinger said during his presentation. Air samples provided by the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, Calif., suggest that the risk could be equivalent to smoking as little as one cigarette a day or as much as more than two packs a day, he said. “It’s early in the game, and there’s a lot of ways of doing these calculations.”

The free radicals discovered by Dellinger’s team would not show up in ordinary smog checks, which detect molecules in the gas state and not those attached to solid nanoparticles, he said.

Even the most modern catalytic converters may be ineffective at eliminating the free radicals. Ironically, even as a catalytic converter breaks down smog-causing pollutants, it may be creating conditions (particularly high temperatures) for the free radicals to form. “You could be destroying some [pollutants] and creating some at the same time,” Dellinger says.

The Catalytic Converter Range Has Been Extended!

catalytic converters

We have the largest range, and the most competitive prices on the Internet. All of our Catalytic Converters are vehicle specific, this means that the cats we supply will fit directly on to your vehicle without modification. They are exactly the same size and fitting as the ones available from franchised dealers, but at a fraction of the cost.

Rabu, 08 Juli 2009

Muffler, Bukan Hanya Sebagai Peredam


Tanabe G Fordan

OTOMOTIFNET - Pada awalnya, fungsi utama muffler adalah meredam suara dari proses pembuangan sisa gas buang pada mesin mobil. Karena dengan absennya muffler, maka suara mesin mobil akan terdengar sangat mengganggu.

Namun pada perkembangannya, fungsi muffler pun meluas. Tak hanya sebagai peredam, kehadiran muffler juga berpengaruh pada performa mesin, tingkat efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar, emisi gas buang hingga aspek tampilan. Penggantian muffler standar dengan versi aftermarket bisa jadi solusi jitu mendongkrak performa dan penampilan.

Namun, jika ngobrolin muffler versi aftermarket, selera juga menentukan dalam memilih. “Kalau soal kualitas, bisa dikatakan brand asal Jepang tersebut hampir imbang, jadi tinggal model tampilannya dan harganya yang menentukan,” sahut Dalvin, pentolan CK Motorsport. Dengan kata lain, soal kualitas produk dan peningkatan tenaga yang dihasilkan antara merek aftermarket asal Negeri Sakura ini bisa jadi bejaban.


HKS Silent Hi Power

Dari bahan baku, stainless steel paling umum digunakan untuk spek harian. Sedangkan titanium biasa dipakai balap karena faktor bobotnya yang lebih enteng. “Muffler titanium bisa saja dipakai buat harian, tapi konsekuensinya suara knalpot lebih berisik,” ujar Rudy, punggawa bengkel GR 1 Racing.

Sementara untuk peningkatan tenaga, penggantian muffler dengan versi aftermarket bisa melonjak mencapai 2-3 dk dk, tapi kalau mau maksimal bisa diganti berikut down pipe atau bahkan header-nya sekalian. Kalau sudah begitu, 5 dk saja sih tembus, atau bahkan lebih. Lumayan kan?

Sertifikat Jasma Pada Muffler
Pernah melihat plat bertuliskan JASMA yang nempel di muffler yang kamu incar? JASMA (The Japan Automotive Muffler Association) merupakan asosiasi produsen knalpot di Jepang yang mengontrol semua muffler buatan dalam negerinya tersebut.


R Tune

Sertifikasi JASMA merupakan hal yang wajib bagi setiap muffler yang akan dilempar ke pasar domestik Jepang atau untuk di ekspor ke negara lain yang menandakan bahwa sudah memenuhi standar peraturan yang diberlakukan pemerintah Jepang.

JASMA memberlakukan beberapa ketentuan untuk setiap muffler spek jalan raya seperti, tingkat kebisingan (harus dibawah 93 db), tingkat emisi yang dihasilkan dan mempunyai desain yang dianggap tidak membahayakan (seperti besarnya tabung, jarak tabung ke jalan dan bibir knalpot harus sejajar dengan bumper belakang). Wah..., kalau di Indonesia masih bebas-bebas saja tuh.

Buyers Guide

  1. Tanabe G Fordan. Dibuat untuk Jazz GE8. Soal kualitas, muffler ini sudah berkode SUS 304 yang merupakan stainless steel dengan grade terbaik. Soal peningkatan tenaga mencapai 2-3 dk. Untuk harga pada kisaran Rp 5 jutaan.
  2. HKS Silent Hi Power. Masih untuk Jazz baru, kenaikan tenaga bisa 2-3 dk. Sesuai tipenya, suara yang dihasilkan masih bersahabat. Harganya di kisaran Rp 5 jutaan.
  3. Fujitsubo Wagolis. Salah satu produsen knalpot ternama di Jepang. Kali ini untuk Toyota Yaris. Masih andalkan stainless steel yang dilego Rp 4,25 juta. Kenaikan tenaga masih berkisar 2-3 dk.
  4. Fujitsubo Power Getter. Untuk Jazz GE8 yang ditawarkan muffler berikut center pipe. Tembus 5-6 dk yang dibanderol Rp 9,5 juta.
  5. Kakimoto GT Box 06&S. Namanya mungkin belum begitu akrab di telinga. Namun aslinya, Kakimoto sudah lama mendapat tempat di maniak performa kecepatan di Jepang. Dibuat Jazz GE8. Bahan yang ditawarkan stainless steel namun dengan bibir titanium sehingga terlihat lebih cantik. Kenaikan tenaganya tak jauh dengan para rivalnya, 2-3 dk. Harganya sedikit lebih mahal, yakni sekitar Rp 6 jutaan.
  6. R Tune. Bisa diaplikasi ke semua mobil alias universal. Buatan Jepang ini bahannya titanium sehingga bobotnya ringan. Bisa mendongkrak tenaga hingga 5-7 dk. Harga berkisar Rp 3,5-4 juta.
  7. DC Sport. Satu-satunya kontestan asal Amrik. Tersedia muffler plus down pipeya. Untuk Honda Civic VTi dan Stream yang masih menggunakan mesin 1.700 cc. Power-nya pun terkoreksi mencapai 5-6 dk. Harganya mencapai Rp 15 juta.
  8. Kansai tipe RS & S. Untuk Jazz GE8 berikut center pipe. Bahannya terdiri dari campuran alumunium dan besi. Kenaikan tenaga untuk tipe S bisa mencapai 9 dk, sementara untuk tipe RS mencapai 7 dk. Untuk harga, tipe RS Rp 5,3 juta dan 4,4 juta untuk tipe S.
  9. Kansai ST & GT. Untuk Suzuki Swift. Untuk tipe GT kenaikannya mencapai 7 dk dan pada ST mencapai 8 dk. Harga yang ditawarkan Rp 1,7 juta untuk tipe ST dan Rp 3,3 juta untuk GT.
  10. Kansai untuk Yaris. Dibuat untuk Toyota Yaris semua tipe. Menggunakan bahan yang sama dengan muffler buatan Kansai lainnya, campuran alumunium dan besi. Dibanderol Rp 3,2 juta.
  11. Jitsugen. Sekali lagi buatan lokal, namun usah ragukan tentang kualitasnya. Sudah menggunakan stainless steel. Ditawarkan berikut down pipe-nya, sehingga peningkatan tenaga lebih maksimal, berkisar 5-6 dk. Harganya lumayan bersahabat, Rp 3 jutaan.

Bengkel Modifikasi Knalpot

Hubungi : 021-8770 9319 | Udin
Alamat :
Jl.Lapangan Tembak No.9 Jakarta Timur
Tags : knalpot mobil | bengkel knalpot mobil | harga knalpot mobil | jual knalpot mobil | knalpot racing mobil | modifikasi knalpot | pasang knalpot | bengkel knalpot | cari knalpot



Leher Knalpot Tsukigi buat Mio n Nouvo

Hubungi : 081510377899 | Vince
Alamat :
Cideng, Jakarta Pusat
Tags : car | car accessories | accessories | motor | knalpot motor | motor mio | aksesoris motor



bro neh barang dagangan gw yg terbaru...leher knalpot racing thailand merek tsukigi. khusus buat mio/nouvo. selama ini klo kita mo kenceng kan, pusing dengan suara berisik motor kita. skrg uda gak jamannya lagi. di thailand jg ada regulasi serupa yg melarang knalpot super berisik lewat dijalanan. tp orang thailand uda berhasil menemukan solusi baru. mereka mengganti leher knalpot standar yg kecil dengan yg diameter dan tekukannya lebi oke drpada standar. bukan cuma gak berisik. knalpot racing kan terkenal loyo tarikan bawahnya, klo ganti leher knalpot ini atas bawahnya jd enak. soalnya gak terlalu freeflow, sebab silencer masi standar. cuma lehernya aja yg diganti. gw rekomendasiin Las yg kuat buat nyambung silencer ini dengan lehernya. misal las argon. gw tidak menerima pemasangan dan pengelasan.
neh fotonya :



harga sperti biasa PM gw...soalnya ada harga khusus buat pelanggan ring per cvt dan indiglo
bisa COD di cideng jakarta pusat. bisa jg kirim tiki. jabodetabek cuma 5000. drpada jauh2 ke cideng? mendingan tiki aj pak aman koq. hehehe

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